Advances in Rejuvenation Research: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies

Abstract

Rejuvenation research has rapidly evolved from conceptual frameworks to actionable biomedical interventions aimed at reversing age-related decline. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underpinning aging and summarizes current therapeutic approaches targeting these pathways. Key rejuvenation strategies include gene therapy, epigenetic reprogramming, senolytics, pharmacological modulation of nutrient-sensing pathways, stem cell therapies, and autophagy enhancement. Each approach targets fundamental aging processes such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence. While promising results have been demonstrated in preclinical and early-phase clinical studies, challenges regarding safety, scalability, and long-term efficacy remain. Integrative, multimodal strategies combining pharmacological, genetic, and lifestyle interventions are anticipated to represent the next frontier in the field. Future research must focus on optimizing delivery systems, minimizing risks, and translating these advances into accessible, evidence-based clinical therapies.